electric_bolt Power Electronics Calculator

Buck Converter Power Stage Calculator

Full loss-budget analysis with 10-mechanism efficiency modeling, synchronous & catch-diode topologies, multi-phase ripple cancellation, transient droop budgeting, and Middlebrook input-filter stability verification.

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Design Parameters

bolt Core Parameters

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Input Voltage (Vin) Volts

Output Voltage (Vout) Volts

Output Current (Iout) Amps

Switching Frequency (fsw) kHz

500 kHz

Inductor Ripple (ΔiL) % of I_phase

30%

Output Ripple Target (ΔVout) mV

Typical: 10–100 mV (0.1–1% of Vout)

swap_horiz Topology & Phases

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Rectification Topology

Diode Forward Voltage (Vf) mV

Schottky: 300–500 mV

Number of Phases (N)

memory MOSFET Parameters

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HS Rds(on) mΩ

LS Rds(on) mΩ

Switch Rise Time (t_rise) ns

Switch Fall Time (t_fall) ns

Output Capacitance (Coss) pF

Gate Charge HS (Qg) nC

Gate Charge LS (Qg) nC

Gate Drive Voltage (Vdr) V

timer Dead Time & Snubber

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Dead Time (per edge) ns

Body Diode Vsd V

Snubber Capacitance pF

Set to 0 to disable snubber loss

Snubber Resistance Ω

air Inductor Parameters

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Winding DCR mΩ

Core Material

Steinmetz K kW/m³ convention

α (freq exp)

β (flux exp)

Core Volume mm³

Core Area Ae mm²

Number of Turns (N)

battery_charging_full Output Capacitor Bank

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ESR (per cap) mΩ

Number of Parallel Caps

sensors Current Sense

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Sensing Method

Sense Resistor mΩ

filter_alt Input Filter & Stability

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Filter Inductance (Lf) µH

Filter Capacitance (Cf) µF

Damping Resistance (Rd) Ω

trending_up Transient Response

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Load Step (ΔI_step) A

Max Droop Budget (ΔV) mV

Load Step Slew Rate A/µs

0 = instantaneous step (worst case)

Duty Cycle

—%

Min Inductance
—µH

Min Output Cap
—µF

Peak Inductor Current

—A

RMS Inductor Current

—A

RMS Input Current

—A

Efficiency

—%

Total Power Loss

—W

Output Ripple (actual)

—mV

Inductor Slew Rate

—A/µs

Transient Recovery

—µs

Middlebrook Margin

—dB

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Efficiency vs. Load Current

η (%) swept from 0.01% to 100% of rated Iout. ● marks the rated operating point.

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Loss Breakdown at Rated Load

Proportional contribution of each loss mechanism (mW).

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Ripple Cancellation vs. Input Voltage

Normalized cancellation factor K for N=1–8 phases. Lower = better cancellation. ● marks operating point.

functions Key Design Equations

D= Vout / Vin L_min= (Vin − Vout) × D / (fsw × ΔiL) C_ripple= ΔiL / (8·fsw·√(ΔVout² − ΔV_esr²)) [ESR-aware] C_droop= L·ΔI²·K_slew / (2·Vout·(ΔV_droop − ΔI·ESR)) [ESR-aware] I_peak= I_phase + ΔiL/2 K(N,D)= Dm·(1/N−Dm) / (D·(1−D)) [ripple cancel] η= Pout / (Pout + Σ losses) × 100% |Zin|= Vin² / Pout [Middlebrook neg. impedance]

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Note: These tools and articles provide theoretical estimates for educational purposes. Actual results may vary depending on real-world component tolerances, parasitics, and thermal conditions.